1. Gabatarwa

Zinc telluride (ZnTe) abu ne mai mahimmanci na rukuni na II-VI tare da tsarin bandgap kai tsaye. A dakin da zafin jiki, bandgap ɗin sa yana kusan 2.26eV, kuma yana samun aikace-aikace masu yawa a cikin na'urorin optoelectronic, ƙwayoyin hasken rana, masu gano hasken wuta, da sauran filayen. Wannan labarin zai ba da cikakken bayani game da matakai daban-daban na kira don zinc telluride, ciki har da m-jihar dauki, tururi sufuri, mafita tushen hanyoyin, kwayoyin katako epitaxy, da dai sauransu Kowace hanya za a yi cikakken bayani game da ka'idodinta, hanyoyin, abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani, da kuma key la'akari.

2. Hanyar Magance Tsakanin Jiha don Maganar ZnTe

2.1 Ka'ida

Hanyar mayar da martani mai ƙarfi shine mafi kyawun tsarin al'ada don shirya zinc telluride, inda zinc mai tsafta da tellurium ke amsa kai tsaye a yanayin zafi don samar da ZnTe:

Zn + Te → ZnTe

2.2 Cikakken Tsari

2.2.1 Shirye-shiryen Kayan Ganye

1. Zaɓin Abu: Yi amfani da granules mai tsabta mai tsabta da kuma kullun tellurium tare da tsabta ≥99.999% azaman kayan farawa.
2. Maganin Kaya:
   • Maganin Zinc: Da farko a nutse a cikin dilute hydrochloric acid (5%) na minti 1 don cire oxides saman, kurkure da ruwa mai narkewa, wanke da ethanol mai anhydrous, sannan a bushe a cikin tanda a 60 ° C na tsawon awanni 2.
   • Maganin Tellurium: Da farko a nutsar da ruwa a cikin ruwa mai ruwa (HNO₃: HCl=1: 3) don 30 seconds don cire oxides surface, kurkura da ruwa mai tsabta har sai tsaka tsaki, wanke da ethanol mai anhydrous, sannan a bushe a cikin tanda a 80 ° C na tsawon awanni 3.
3. Aunawa: Auna albarkatun ƙasa a cikin rabo na stoichiometric (Zn: Te = 1: 1). Yin la'akari da yuwuwar juzu'in zinc a yanayin zafi mai girma, ana iya ƙara wuce gona da iri na 2-3%.

2.2.2 Haɗin Abun

1. Nika da Haɗuwa: Sanya zinc da tellurium da aka auna a cikin turmi agate kuma a niƙa na tsawon mintuna 30 a cikin akwatin safar hannu mai cike da argon har sai an gauraye su daidai.
2. Pelletizing: Sanya foda mai gauraye a cikin wani nau'i kuma danna cikin pellets tare da diamita na 10-20mm a ƙarƙashin 10-15MPa matsa lamba.

2.2.3 Shirye-shiryen Jirgin Ruwa

1. Ma'adini Tube Jiyya: Zabi high-tsarki ma'adini tubes (cikin diamita 20-30mm, bango kauri 2-3mm), da farko jiƙa a cikin ruwa regia na 24 hours, kurkura sosai da deionized ruwa, da kuma bushe a cikin tanda a 120 ° C.
2. Ficewa: Sanya pellet ɗin ɗanyen abu a cikin bututun ma'adini, haɗa zuwa tsarin injin, sannan a kwashe zuwa ≤10⁻³ Pa.
3. Rufewa: Rufe bututun quartz ta amfani da harshen wuta na hydrogen-oxygen, yana tabbatar da tsayin hatimi ≥50mm don rashin iska.

2.2.4 Matsakaicin Yanayin Zazzabi

1. Matakin Zafafa Farko: Sanya bututun ma'adini da aka rufe a cikin tanderun bututu da zafi zuwa 400 ° C a ƙimar 2-3°C/min, riƙe da awanni 12 don ba da damar amsawar farko tsakanin zinc da tellurium.
2. Matsayin Dumama na Biyu: Ci gaba da dumama zuwa 950-1050C (a ƙasa da ma'aunin laushi na 1100 ° C) a 1-2 ° C / min, riƙe don 24-48 hours.
3. Tube Rocking: A lokacin yanayin zafi mai zafi, karkatar da tanderun a 45° kowane awa 2 kuma ka yi jijjiga sau da yawa don tabbatar da cakuɗewar masu amsawa.
4. Cooling: Bayan kammala amsawa, kwantar da hankali a hankali zuwa zafin jiki a 0.5-1 ° C / min don hana fashewar samfurin saboda damuwa na thermal.

2.2.5 Gudanar da Samfur

1. Cire samfur: Buɗe bututun quartz a cikin akwatin safar hannu kuma cire samfurin amsawa.
2. Nika: Mayar da samfurin zuwa foda don cire duk wani kayan da ba a yi ba.
3. Annealing: Anneal foda a 600 ° C a ƙarƙashin yanayin argon don 8 hours don taimakawa danniya na ciki da inganta crystallinity.
4. Halaye: Yi XRD, SEM, EDS, da dai sauransu, don tabbatar da tsaftar lokaci da haɗin sinadarai.

2.3 Haɓaka Tsarin Tsari

1. Kula da Zazzabi: Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 1000± 20 ° C. Ƙananan yanayin zafi na iya haifar da amsawar da ba ta cika ba, yayin da yanayin zafi mai girma zai iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi na zinc.
2. Ikon Lokaci: Lokacin riƙewa yakamata ya zama ≥24 hours don tabbatar da cikakken amsawa.
3. Yawan sanyaya: Sanyi a hankali (0.5-1°C/min) yana haifar da manyan hatsin crystal.

2.4 Binciken Fa'idodi da Rashin Amfani

Amfani:

• Tsarin sauƙi, ƙananan bukatun kayan aiki
• Ya dace da samar da tsari
• High samfurin tsarki

Rashin hasara:

• Babban zafin jiki, yawan amfani da makamashi
• Rarraba girman hatsi marasa uniform
• Zai iya ƙunsar ƙananan adadin kayan da ba a amsa ba

3. Hanyar Sufuri na Tururi don Maganar ZnTe

3.1 Ka'ida

Hanyar safarar tururi tana amfani da iskar gas don jigilar tururi mai amsawa zuwa yanki mai ƙarancin zafin jiki don sanyawa, samun ci gaban jagora na ZnTe ta hanyar sarrafa matakan zafin jiki. Ana amfani da Iodine a matsayin wakili na sufuri:

ZnTe(s) + I₂(g) ⇌ ZnI₂(g) + 1/2Te₂(g)

3.2 Cikakken Tsari

3.2.1 Shirye-shiryen Kayan Kayan Ganye

1. Zaɓin kayan abu: Yi amfani da foda mai tsabta ZnTe (tsarki ≥99.999%) ko stoichiometrically gauraye Zn da Te foda.
2. Shirye-shiryen Wakilin Harkokin Sufuri: Lu'ulu'u na iodine mai girma (tsarki ≥99.99%), sashi na 5-10mg/cm³ ƙarar bututu mai amsawa.
3. Jiyya na Quartz Tube: Daidai da hanyar amsawa mai ƙarfi, amma ana buƙatar bututun quartz masu tsayi (300-400mm).

3.2.2 Tube Loading

1. Wurin Kayan Abu: Sanya ZnTe foda ko cakuda Zn + Te a ƙarshen bututun quartz.
2. Ƙara Iodine: Ƙara lu'ulu'u na aidin zuwa bututun quartz a cikin akwatin safar hannu.
3. Fitowa: Kaura zuwa ≤10⁻³ Pa.
4. Rufewa: Rufe tare da harshen wuta na hydrogen-oxygen, ajiye bututu a kwance.

3.2.3 Saita Gradient Zazzabi

1. Zazzabi Yanki mai zafi: Saita zuwa 850-900°C.
2. Zazzabi Yankin Sanyi: Saita zuwa 750-800°C.
3. Tsawon Yankin Gradient: Kimanin 100-150mm.

3.2.4 Tsarin Girma

1. Matakin Farko: Zafi zuwa 500°C a 3°C/min, riƙe na awanni 2 don ba da damar amsawar farko tsakanin aidin da albarkatun ƙasa.
2. Mataki na biyu: Ci gaba da dumama zuwa yanayin zafin da aka saita, kula da yanayin zafin jiki, da girma na kwanaki 7-14.
3. Cooling: Bayan kammala girma, sanyaya zuwa zafin jiki a 1 ° C / min.

3.2.5 Tarin Samfura

1. Buɗe Tube: Buɗe bututun quartz a cikin akwatin safar hannu.
2. Tarin: Tattara ZnTe lu'ulu'u ɗaya a ƙarshen sanyi.
3. Tsaftacewa: Tsaftace mai tsafta tare da anhydrous ethanol na mintuna 5 don cire aidin-adsorbed.

3.3 Abubuwan Kula da Tsari

1. Iodine Adadin Ƙididdiga: Mahimmancin Iodine yana rinjayar yawan sufuri; Mafi kyawun kewayon shine 5-8mg/cm³.
2. Zazzabi Gradient: Kula da gradient tsakanin 50-100 ° C.
3. Lokacin Girma: Yawanci kwanaki 7-14, ya danganta da girman crystal da ake so.

3.4 Binciken Fa'idodi da Rashin Amfani

Amfani:

• Ana iya samun lu'ulu'u masu inganci guda ɗaya
• Girman kristal mafi girma
• Babban tsarki

Rashin hasara:

• Dogayen hawan hawan girma
• Babban buƙatun kayan aiki
• Ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa

4. Hanyar Magani-Tsarin Magani don Maganar ZnTe Nanomaterial

4.1 Ka'ida

Hanyoyin tushen mafita suna sarrafa halayen da suka riga sun kasance a cikin bayani don shirya ZnTe nanoparticles ko nanowires. Halin da aka saba shine:

Zn²⁺ + HTe⁻ + OH⁻ → ZnTe + H₂O

4.2 Cikakken Tsari

4.2.1 Shiri Reagent

1. Tushen Zinc: Zinc acetate (Zn (CH₃COO) ₂ · 2H₂O), tsarki ≥99.99%.
2. Tellurium Source: Tellurium dioxide (TeO₂), tsarki ≥99.99%.
3. Rage Wakili: Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), tsarki ≥98%.
4. Abubuwan da ke narkewa: ruwa mai narkewa, ethylenediamine, ethanol.
5. Surfactant: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

4.2.2 Tellurium Precursor Shiri

1. Shirye-shiryen Magani: Narkar da 0.1mmol TeO₂ a cikin ruwa na 20ml.
2. Rage Ragewa: Ƙara 0.5mmol NaBH₄, motsawa ta hanyar maganadisu na tsawon mintuna 30 don samar da maganin HTe⁻.
   TeO₂ + 3BH₄⁻ + 3H₂O → HTe⁻ + 3B(OH)₃ + 3H₂↑
3. Yanayin Kariya: Kula da kwararar nitrogen a ko'ina don hana oxidation.

4.2.3 ZnTe Nanoparticle Synthesis

1. Shiri Maganin Zinc: Narke 0.1mmol zinc acetate a cikin 30ml ethylenediamine.
2. Haɗin Haɗin Kai: A hankali ƙara HTe⁻ maganin a cikin maganin zinc, amsa a 80 ° C na 6 hours.
3. Centrifugation: Bayan amsawa, centrifuge a 10,000rpm na mintuna 10 don tattara samfurin.
4. Wankewa: Madadin wankewa tare da ethanol da ruwa mai narkewa sau uku.
5. bushewa: bushewa a 60 ° C na tsawon awanni 6.

4.2.4 ZnTe Nanowire Synthesis

1. Ƙarin Samfura: Ƙara 0.2g CTAB zuwa maganin zinc.
2. Maganin Hydrothermal: Canja wurin gauraye bayani zuwa 50ml Teflon-layi autoclave, amsa a 180 ° C na 12 hours.
3. Bayan-Processing: Daidai da na nanoparticles.

4.3 Haɓaka Tsarin Tsari

1. Ikon zafin jiki: 80-90 ° C don nanoparticles, 180-200 ° C don nanowires.
2. Ƙimar pH: Kula tsakanin 9-11.
3. Lokacin amsawa: 4-6 hours don nanoparticles, 12-24 hours don nanowires.

4.4 Binciken Fa'idodi da Rashin Amfani

Amfani:

• Halin ƙananan zafin jiki, ceton makamashi
• Sarrafa ilimin halittar jiki da girman
• Ya dace da samarwa mai girma

Rashin hasara:

• Kayayyakin ƙila sun ƙunshi ƙazanta
• Yana buƙatar bayan aiwatarwa
• Ƙananan ingancin kristal

5. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) don Shirye-shiryen Fim na bakin ciki na ZnTe

5.1 Ka'ida

MBE yana haɓaka fina-finai na ZnTe guda-crystal na bakin ciki ta hanyar jagorantar katako na kwayoyin Zn da Te a kan wani ma'auni a ƙarƙashin matsananciyar matsananciyar yanayi, daidai da sarrafa ma'auni na katako da zafin jiki.

5.2 Cikakken Tsari

5.2.1 Tsarin Tsari

1. Tsarin Matsala: Base Vacuum ≤1×10⁻⁸Pa.
2. Tushen Shiri:
   • Tushen Zinc: 6N Zinc mai tsabta a cikin BN crucible.
   • Madogararsa Tellurium: 6N high-purity tellurium a cikin PBN crucible.
3. Shirye-shiryen Substrate:
   • GaAs (100) da aka saba amfani dashi.
   • Tsaftace ma'auni: Tsabtace sauran ƙarfi → acid etching → deionized ruwa rinsing → bushewar nitrogen.

5.2.2 Tsarin Girma

1. Fitar Gas: Gasa a 200 ° C na awa 1 don cire adsorbates na saman.
2. Cire Oxide: Zafi zuwa 580C, riƙe tsawon mintuna 10 don cire oxides na saman.
3. Ci gaban Layer Buffer: Sanyi zuwa 300C, girma 10nm ZnTe buffer Layer.
4. Babban Ci gaban:
   • Yanayin zafin jiki: 280-320 ° C.
   • Zinc katako daidai matsin lamba: 1 × 10⁻ Torr.
   • Tellurium beam daidai matsin lamba: 2 × 10⁻ Torr.
   • Matsakaicin V/III da aka sarrafa a 1.5-2.0.
   • Yawan girma: 0.5-1μm/h.
5. Annealing: Bayan girma, anneal a 250 ° C na minti 30.

5.2.3 Kulawa Cikin Wuta

1. Kulawa na RHEED: Kulawa na ainihi na sake gina ƙasa da yanayin girma.
2. Mass Spectrometry: Kula da ƙarfin katako na ƙwayoyin cuta.
3. Infrared Thermometry: Madaidaicin sarrafa zafin jiki.

5.3 Abubuwan Kula da Tsari

1. Sarrafa zafin jiki: Zazzabi mai zafi yana shafar ingancin crystal da yanayin yanayin yanayi.
2. Rabon Flux Beam: Rabo Te/Zn yana rinjayar nau'ikan lahani da yawa.
3. Girman Girma: Ƙananan rates suna inganta ingancin crystal.

5.4 Binciken Fa'idodi da Rashin Amfani

Amfani:

• Daidaitaccen abun da ke ciki da sarrafa abubuwan kara kuzari.
• Fina-finan crystal masu inganci masu inganci.
• Za'a iya cimma filaye masu lebur atom.

Rashin hasara:

• Kayan aiki masu tsada.
• Jinkirin girma rates.
• Yana buƙatar ƙwarewar aiki na ci gaba.

6. Sauran hanyoyin hadawa

6.1 Nau'in Turin Sinadari (CVD)

1. Precursors: Diethylzinc (DEZn) da diisopropyltelluride (DIPTe).
2. Zazzabi: 400-500 ° C.
3. Mai ɗaukar Gas: Babban-tsarki nitrogen ko hydrogen.
4. Matsi: Na'ura ko ƙananan matsa lamba (10-100Torr).

6.2 Haɓakar zafi

1. Material Tushen: Tsabtataccen ZnTe foda.
2. Mataki Level: ≤1×10⁻Pa.
3. Zazzabi mai zafi: 1000-1100 ° C.
4. Yanayin Zazzabi: 200-300 ° C.

7. Kammalawa

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don haɗa zinc telluride, kowanne yana da fa'ida da rashin amfaninsa. M-state dauki dace da girma kayan shiri, tururi sufuri samar da high quality-daya lu'ulu'u, mafita hanyoyin ne manufa domin nanomaterials, da kuma MBE da ake amfani da high quality-na bakin ciki fina-finai. Aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen ya kamata ya zaɓi hanyar da ta dace dangane da buƙatun, tare da tsananin sarrafa sigogin tsari don samun babban aiki na ZnTe kayan. Hanyoyi na gaba sun haɗa da ƙananan yanayin zafi, sarrafa ilimin halittar jiki, da inganta tsarin doping.