1. Gabatarwa

Antimony, a matsayin wani muhimmin ƙarfe mara ƙarfe, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin abubuwan hana wuta, gami da ƙarfe, semiconductor da sauran fannoni. Duk da haka, ma'adanai na antimony a yanayi galibi suna rayuwa tare da arsenic, wanda ke haifar da yawan arsenic a cikin antimony mai ɗanɗano wanda ke shafar aiki da aikace-aikacen samfuran antimony sosai. Wannan labarin ya gabatar da hanyoyi daban-daban don cire arsenic a cikin tsarkakewar antimony mai ɗanɗano, gami da sake tsarkake pyrometallurgical, sake tsarkake hydrometallurgical, da sake tsarkake electrolytic, yana ba da cikakken bayani game da ƙa'idodin su, kwararar aiki, yanayin aiki, da fa'idodi/rashin amfani.

2. Gyaran Pyrometallurgical don Cire Arsenic

2.1 Hanyar Tace Alkaline

2.1.1 Ƙa'ida

Hanyar tace sinadarin alkaline tana cire arsenic bisa ga martanin da ke tsakanin mahaɗan ƙarfe na arsenic da alkali don samar da arsenates. Babban lissafin amsawa:
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4As + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Gudun Tsarin Aiki

1. Shirya kayan da aka dafa: A niƙa ɗanyen antimony zuwa barbashi mai girman mm 5-10 sannan a haɗa shi da tokar soda (Na₂CO₃) a rabon taro na 10:1.
2. Narkewa: Zafi a cikin tanderun reverberatory zuwa 850-950°C, a riƙe na tsawon awanni 2-3
3. Iskar Oxidation: Gabatar da iska mai matsewa (matsi 0.2-0.3MPa), kwararar ruwa 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Samar da slag: Ƙara adadin saltpeter (NaNO₃) mai dacewa a matsayin oxidant, kashi 3-5% na nauyin antimony
5. Cire slag: Bayan ya kwanta na tsawon mintuna 30, cire slag ɗin saman
6. Maimaita aiki: Maimaita aikin da ke sama sau 2-3

2.1.3 Kula da Sigogi na Tsarin Aiki

• Kula da zafin jiki: Mafi kyawun zafin jiki 900±20°C
• Yawan Alkali: Daidaita gwargwadon abun da ke cikin arsenic, yawanci kashi 8-12% na nauyin antimony
• Lokacin amfani da iskar oxygen: Awa 1-1.5 a kowace zagayowar iskar oxygen

2.1.4 Ingancin Cire Arsenic

Zai iya rage yawan sinadarin arsenic daga 2-5% zuwa 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Hanyar Volatilization na Oxidative

2.2.1 Ka'ida

Yana amfani da siffa da ke nuna cewa arsenic oxide (As₂O₃) ya fi antimony oxide ƙarfi. As₂O₃ yana yin wuta a 193°C kawai, yayin da Sb₂O₃ yana buƙatar 656°C.

2.2.2 Gudun Tsarin Aiki

1. Narkewar iska mai guba: Zafi a cikin murhun juyawa zuwa 600-650°C tare da shigar da iska
2. Maganin iskar gas: Tace kuma a dawo da iskar gas mai narkewa kamar yadda aka saba.
3. Rage narkewar narkewa: Rage sauran kayan da ke cikin zafin jiki na 1200°C da coke
4. Gyara: Ƙara ƙaramin adadin tokar soda don ƙarin tsarkakewa

2.2.3 Maɓallan Maɓalli

• Yawan iskar oxygen: 21-28%
• Lokacin zama: Awa 4-6
• Saurin juyawa na murhu: 0.5-1r/min

3. Gyaran Hydrometallurgical don Cire Arsenic

3.1 Hanyar Zubar da Alkali Sulfide

3.1.1 Ƙa'ida

Yana amfani da halayyar da ke nuna cewa arsenic sulfide yana da mafi yawan narkewa a cikin maganin alkali sulfide fiye da antimony sulfide. Babban martanin:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Ba ya narkewa

3.1.2 Gudun Tsarin Aiki

1. Sulfidation: A haɗa foda antimony da sulfur a rabon taro na 1:0.3, a zuba sulfid a zafin 500°C na tsawon awa 1
2. Zubar da ruwa: Yi amfani da maganin Na₂S na 2mol/L, rabon ruwa-ƙarfe 5:1, a juya a zafin 80°C na tsawon awanni 2
3. Tacewa: Tace tare da matsi na tacewa, ragowar yana da ƙarancin sinadarin arsenic antimony concentrate
4. Sake farfaɗowa: Shigar da H₂S a cikin tacewa don sake farfaɗo da Na₂S

3.1.3 Sharuɗɗan Tsarin Aiki

• Na₂S maida hankali: 1.5-2.5mol/L
• PH mai narkewa: 12-13
• Ingancin fitar da ruwa: Kamar yadda>90%, asarar Sb <5%

3.2 Hanyar Zubar da Iskar Oxidative Mai Tsami

3.2.1 Ka'ida

Yana amfani da sinadarin arsenic mai sauƙin narkewa a cikin yanayi mai acidic, yana amfani da sinadarai masu hana iskar shaka kamar FeCl₃ ko H₂O₂ don narkar da sinadarai masu guba.

3.2.2 Gudun Tsarin Aiki

1. Fitar ruwa: A cikin maganin HCl na 1.5mol/L, ƙara 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, rabon ruwa-solid 8:1
2. Ikon sarrafawa mai yuwuwa: Kula da ƙarfin iskar shaka a 400-450mV (idan aka kwatanta da SHE)
3. Rabawa mai ƙarfi da ruwa: Tace injin tsotsa, aika tacewa zuwa ga murmurewa daga arsenic
4. Wankewa: Wanke ragowar matatun sau 3 da sinadarin hydrochloric acid mai narkewa

4. Hanyar Tace Electrolytic

4.1 Ka'ida

Yana amfani da bambanci a cikin ƙarfin shigarwa tsakanin antimony (+0.212V) da arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Gudun Tsarin Aiki

1. Shirye-shiryen Anode: Jefa ɗanyen antimony a cikin faranti na anode 400×600×20mm
2. Haɗin electrolyte: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, ƙari (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Yanayin electrolysis:
   • Yawan yanzu: 120-150A/m²
   • Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tantanin halitta: 0.4-0.6V
   • Zafin jiki: 30-35°C
   • Nisa tsakanin lantarki: 100mm
4. Zagaye: Cire daga tantanin halitta duk bayan kwana 7-10

4.3 Alamomin Fasaha

• Tsarkakakken antimony na Cathode: ≥99.85%
• Yawan cire sinadarin Arsenic: >95%
• Ingancin aiki na yanzu: 85-90%

5. Fasahar Cire Arsenic Masu Tasowa

5.1 Na'urar tace iska

A ƙarƙashin injin tsotsar ruwa mai ƙarfin 0.1-10Pa, yana amfani da bambancin matsin lamba na tururi (Kamar yadda: 133Pa a 550°C, Sb yana buƙatar 1000°C).

5.2 Iskar Oxidation ta Plasma

Yana amfani da ƙananan zafin jiki na plasma (5000-10000K) don zaɓin iskar shaka ta arsenic, ɗan gajeren lokacin sarrafawa (minti 10-30), ƙarancin amfani da makamashi.

6. Kwatanta Tsarin Aiki da Shawarwarin Zaɓe

Shawarwarin zaɓi:

• Abincin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin arsenic mai yawa (Kamar yadda ya kai kashi 3%): Fi son cire sinadarin alkali sulfide daga jiki
• Matsakaicin arsenic (0.5-3%): Tace alkaline ko electrolysis
• Bukatun ƙarancin arsenic masu tsafta: An ba da shawarar yin amfani da na'urar tace wutar lantarki

7. Kammalawa

Cire sinadarin arsenic daga sinadarin antimony yana buƙatar cikakken la'akari da halayen kayan masarufi, buƙatun samfura, da tattalin arziki. Hanyoyin pyrometallurgical na gargajiya suna da babban ƙarfi amma suna da matsin lamba mai yawa ga muhalli; hanyoyin hydrometallurgical suna da ƙarancin gurɓatawa amma suna da tsayi; hanyoyin electrolytic suna samar da tsabta mai yawa amma suna cinye ƙarin kuzari. Umarnin ci gaba na gaba sun haɗa da:

1. Ƙirƙirar ingantattun abubuwan haɗawa
2. Inganta hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa masu matakai da yawa
3. Inganta amfani da albarkatun arsenic
4. Rage amfani da makamashi da gurɓataccen iska