Selenium, a matsayin wani muhimmin abu na semiconductor da kuma kayan albarkatun ƙasa na masana'antu, yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga aikinsa ta hanyar tsarkinsa. A lokacin tsarkakewar injin, ƙazanta daga iskar oxygen suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke tasiri ga tsarkin selenium. Wannan labarin yana ba da cikakken bayani game da hanyoyi da dabaru daban-daban na rage yawan iskar oxygen yayin tsarkake selenium ta hanyar tacewa daga iskar gas.

I. Rage Iskar Oxygen a Matakin Daskararru Kafin Jiyya

1. Tsarkakewa na Farko na Kayan Danye

Selenium da ba a sarrafa ba yawanci yana ƙunshe da ƙazanta iri-iri, gami da oxides. Kafin shiga tsarin tacewa ta injin, ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyoyin tsaftacewa na sinadarai don cire oxides na saman. Maganin tsaftacewa da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da:

• Maganin hydrochloric acid (5-10% na taro): Yana narkar da oxides kamar SeO₂ yadda ya kamata
• Ethanol ko acetone: Ana amfani da shi don cire gurɓatattun abubuwa masu rai
• Ruwan da aka cire daga ion: Kurkura da yawa don cire ragowar acid

Bayan tsaftacewa, ya kamata a busar da shi a ƙarƙashin iskar gas mara aiki (misali, Ar ko N₂) don hana sake yin oxidation.

2. Maganin Kayan Danye Kafin Rage Shi

Rage yawan sinadarin kafin a tace shi a cikin injin zai iya rage yawan iskar oxygen sosai:

• Rage sinadarin hydrogen: Gabatar da sinadarin hydrogen mai tsafta (tsarki ≥99.999%) a zafin 200-300°C don rage SeO₂ zuwa sinadarin selenium
• Rage zafin jiki na Carbothermal: A haɗa sinadarin selenium da foda mai tsafta sannan a dumama shi zuwa 400-500°C a ƙarƙashin injin ko yanayi mara aiki, wanda hakan ke haifar da amsawar C + SeO₂ → Se + CO₂
• Rage sinadarin Sulfide: Iskar gas kamar H₂S na iya rage sinadarin selenium oxides a yanayin zafi mai ƙanƙanta.

II. Tsarin Tsaftace Injin ...

1. Zaɓa da Saita Tsarin Vacuum

Yanayi mai yawan iskar oxygen yana da mahimmanci don rage yawan iskar oxygen:

• Yi amfani da famfon watsawa + haɗin famfon inji, tare da injin tsabtace iska mai ƙarfi wanda zai kai aƙalla 10⁻⁴ Pa
• Ya kamata a sanya wa tsarin tarko mai sanyi domin hana yaɗuwar tururin mai a baya.
• Ya kamata duk hanyoyin haɗi su yi amfani da hatimin ƙarfe don guje wa fitar da hayaki daga hatimin roba
• Ya kamata tsarin ya yi isasshen narkewar gas (200-250°C, awanni 12-24)

2. Daidaiton Zafin Distillation da Matsi

Mafi kyawun haɗin siga na tsari:

• Zafin narkewa: Ana sarrafa shi a cikin kewayon 220-280°C (ƙasa da wurin tafasa na selenium na 685°C)
• Matsin lamba na tsarin: Ana kiyaye shi tsakanin 1-10 Pa
• Yawan dumama: 5-10°C/min don guje wa ƙafewa da kuma shiga cikin ruwa mai ƙarfi
• Zafin yankin danshi: Ana kiyaye shi a 50-80°C don tabbatar da cikakken danshi na selenium

3. Fasahar Rage Nauyin Matakai Da Dama

Distillation na matakai da yawa na iya rage yawan iskar oxygen a hankali:

• Mataki na farko: Tsaftace iska mai ƙarfi don cire mafi yawan ƙazanta masu canzawa
• Mataki na biyu: Daidaitaccen tsarin kula da zafin jiki don tattara babban ɓangaren
• Mataki na uku: Ƙarancin zafin jiki, rage narkewar ruwa a hankali don samun samfurin da ke da tsafta sosai
  Ana iya amfani da yanayin zafi daban-daban na danshi tsakanin matakai don danshi mai sassauƙa

III. Matakan Tsarin Taimako

1. Fasahar Kare Iskar Gas Mai Inert

Duk da cewa ana aiki a ƙarƙashin injin tsabtace iska, shigar da iskar gas mai tsafta sosai yana taimakawa rage yawan iskar oxygen:

• Bayan fitar da tsarin, cika da argon mai tsarki (tsarki ≥99.9995%) zuwa 1000 Pa
• Yi amfani da kariyar kwararar iskar gas mai ƙarfi, ci gaba da ƙara ƙaramin adadin argon (10-20 sccm)
• Sanya na'urorin tsarkake iskar gas masu inganci a mashigar iskar gas don cire iskar oxygen da danshi da suka rage

2. Ƙara Masu Rage Iskar Oxygen

Ƙara ma'aunin iskar oxygen mai dacewa a cikin albarkatun ƙasa na iya rage yawan iskar oxygen yadda ya kamata:

• Sinadarin Magnesium: Ƙarfin kusanci ga iskar oxygen, yana samar da MgO
• Foda na Aluminum: Zai iya cire iskar oxygen da sulfur a lokaci guda
• Karafa masu ƙarancin ƙarfi: Kamar Y, La, da sauransu, tare da kyakkyawan tasirin cire iskar oxygen.
  Adadin sinadarin iskar oxygen yawanci shine 0.1-0.5 wt% na kayan da aka samar; yawan da ya wuce kima na iya shafar tsarkin selenium.

3. Fasahar Tacewa Mai Zurfi

Tace sinadarin selenium kafin tacewa:

• Yi amfani da matattarar ma'adini ko yumbu mai girman ramuka 1-5 μm
• Kula da zafin tacewa a 220-250°C
• Zai iya cire barbashi masu ƙarfi na oxide
• Ya kamata a riga an cire matatun mai a ƙarƙashin injin daskarewa mai ƙarfi

IV. Bayan Jiyya da Ajiya

1. Tattara da Sarrafa Kayayyaki

• Ya kamata a tsara mai tattara na'urar dumama ruwa a matsayin tsari mai cirewa don sauƙin dawo da kayan a cikin yanayi mara aiki
• Ya kamata a saka sinadarin selenium da aka tattara a cikin akwatin safar hannu na argon.
• Ana iya yin aikin goge saman idan ya cancanta don cire yuwuwar yadudduka na oxide

2. Kula da Yanayin Ajiya

• Ya kamata a kiyaye yanayin ajiya a bushe (ma'aunin raɓa ≤-60°C)
• Yi amfani da marufi mai rufewa mai layuka biyu wanda aka cika da iskar gas mai tsafta
• Zafin ajiya da aka ba da shawarar ƙasa da 20°C
• Guji fallasa haske don hana halayen iskar shaka ta photocatalytic

V. Kula da Inganci da Gwaji

1. Fasahar Kulawa ta Kan layi

• Shigar da masu nazarin iskar gas (RGA) don sa ido kan matsin lamba na iskar oxygen a ainihin lokaci
• Yi amfani da na'urori masu auna iskar oxygen don auna yawan iskar oxygen da ke cikin iskar gas mai kariya
• Yi amfani da infrared spectroscopy don gano kololuwar sha na halayen haɗin Se-O

2. Binciken Samfura da aka Gama

• Yi amfani da hanyar shaƙar iskar gas mai inert-infrared don tantance yawan iskar oxygen da ke cikinta
• Na'urar auna yawan ion na sakandare (SIMS) don nazarin rarrabawar iskar oxygen
• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) don gano yanayin sinadarai a saman

Ta hanyar cikakkun matakan da aka bayyana a sama, ana iya sarrafa yawan iskar oxygen a ƙasa da 1 ppm yayin tsarkake sinadarin selenium ta hanyar injin, wanda ke biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen selenium mai tsafta. A cikin ainihin samarwa, ya kamata a inganta sigogin tsari bisa ga yanayin kayan aiki da buƙatun samfura, kuma ya kamata a kafa tsarin kula da inganci mai tsauri.