Sulfur wani sinadari ne mara ƙarfe tare da alamar sinadarai S da lambar atomic ta 16. Sulfur mai tsafta shine crystal rawaya, wanda kuma aka sani da sulfur ko rawaya sulfur. Sulfur na elemental ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana ɗan narkewa a cikin ethanol, kuma cikin sauƙi a cikin carbon disulfideCS.2.
1. Kaddarorin jiki
- Sulfur yawanci kristal rawaya kodadde, mara wari kuma maras ɗanɗano.
- Sulfur yana da allotropes da yawa, duk sun ƙunshi S8kwayoyin halitta cyclic. Mafi yawan su shine sulfur orthorhomb (wanda kuma aka sani da rhombic sulfur, α-sulfur) da sulfur monoclinic (wanda aka sani da β-sulfur).
- Sulfur Orthorhombic wani tsayayyen nau'in sulfur ne, kuma idan aka yi zafi zuwa 100 ° C, ana iya sanyaya shi don samun sulfur na monoclinic. Canjin zafin jiki tsakanin orthorhombic sulfur da sulfur monoclinic shine 95.6 ° C. Tsarinsa mai tsabta shine rawaya-kore (sulfur da aka sayar akan kasuwa ya bayyana mafi rawaya saboda kasancewar adadin cycloheptasulfur). Orthorhombic sulfur a zahiri ba zai iya narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana da ƙarancin yanayin zafi, yana da insulator mai kyau.
- Sulfur na monoclinic shine lu'ulu'u masu kama da allura marasa adadi da suka rage bayan narkewar sulfur da zubar da ruwa mai yawa. Monoclinic sulfur orthorhombic sulfur iri-iri ne na sulfur na asali a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Sulfur na monoclinic yana da tsayin daka sama da 95.6 ℃, kuma a zazzabi, sannu a hankali yana canzawa zuwa sulfur orthorhombic. Matsayin narkewar sulfur na orthorhombic shine 112.8 ℃, wurin narkewa na sulfur monoclinic shine 119 ℃. Dukansu suna narkewa sosai a cikin CS2.
- Akwai kuma sulfur na roba. Sulfur na roba shine rawaya mai duhu, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ba shi da narkewa a cikin carbon disulfide fiye da sauran allotropes sulfur. Ba shi da narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma yana ɗan narkewa cikin barasa. Idan sulfur narkakkar da sauri aka zuba a cikin ruwan sanyi, sulfur mai tsayi mai tsayi yana daidaitawa, sulfur na roba mai shimfiɗawa. Koyaya, zai taurare tsawon lokaci kuma ya zama sulfur monoclinic.
2.Kayan sinadarai
- Sulfur zai iya ƙonewa a cikin iska, yana amsawa tare da oxygen don samar da sulfur dioxide (SO₂) gas.
- Sulfur yana amsawa tare da duk halogens akan dumama. Yana ƙonewa a cikin fluorine don samar da sulfur hexafluoride. Sulfur mai ruwa tare da chlorine don samar da disulfur dichloride mai tsananin fushi (S2Cl2). Ana iya samar da cakuda ma'auni mai ɗauke da jan sulfur dichloride (SCl) lokacin da chlorine ya wuce gona da iri kuma mai haɓakawa, kamar FeCl.3ko SnI4,ana amfani da shi.
- Sulfur zai iya amsawa da zafi potassium hydroxide (KOH) bayani don samar da potassium sulfide da potassium thiosulfate.
- Sulfur baya amsawa da ruwa da acid marasa oxidizing. Sulfur yana amsawa da zafi nitric acid da sulfuric acid da aka tattara kuma ana iya sanya shi cikin sulfuric acid da sulfur dioxide.
3.Filin aikace-aikace
- Amfani da masana'antu
Babban amfani da sulfur ne a cikin samar da sulfur mahadi irin su sulfuric acid, sulfites, thiosulfates, ocyanates, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, disulfur dichloride, trichlorosulfonated phosphorus, phosphorus sulf, da karfe sulfide. Fiye da kashi 80% na yawan amfani da sulfur na duniya ana amfani da shi wajen samar da sulfuric acid. Sulfur kuma ana amfani da shi sosai wajen samar da roba mai lalacewa. Lokacin da ɗanyen roba ya zama vulcanized cikin roba vulcanized, yana samun babban elasticity, ƙarfin juriya na zafi, da rashin narkewa a cikin kaushi. Yawancin samfuran roba ana yin su ne da robar vulcanized, wanda ake samarwa ta hanyar amsa ɗanyen robar tare da injina a wasu yanayi da matsi. Ana kuma buƙatar Sulfur wajen samar da baƙar foda da ashana, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan danye don wasan wuta. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da sulfur don samar da rini na sulfurized da pigments. Alal misali, ƙididdige cakuda kaolin, carbon, sulfur, diatomaceous earth, ko quartz foda zai iya samar da launin shudi mai suna ultramarine. Masana'antar bleach da masana'antar harhada magunguna kuma suna cinye wani yanki na sulfur.
- Amfani da likita
Sulfur yana daya daga cikin sinadaran da ke cikin magungunan cututtukan fata da yawa. Misali, ana dumama man tung da sulfur zuwa sulfonate tare da sulfur acid sannan a cire shi da ruwan ammonia don samun man tung sulfonated. Maganin shafawa na kashi 10% da aka yi daga gare shi yana da maganin kumburi da sakamako na delling kuma ana iya amfani dashi don magance kumburin fata daban-daban da kumburi.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-09-2024