Sulfur wani sinadari ne wanda ba na ƙarfe ba wanda ke da alamar sinadarai S kuma lambar atomic ta 16. Tsarkakken sulfur lu'ulu'u ne mai launin rawaya, wanda kuma aka sani da sulfur ko sulfur mai launin rawaya. Sinadarin sulfur ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin ethanol, kuma yana narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin carbon disulfideCS2.
1. Halayen jiki
- Sulfur yawanci lu'ulu'u ne mai launin rawaya mai haske, ba shi da ƙamshi kuma ba shi da ɗanɗano.
- Sulfur yana da allotropes da yawa, waɗanda duk sun ƙunshi S8Kwayoyin halittar da ke zagaye. Mafi yawan su ne sulfur na orthorhomb (wanda kuma aka sani da sulfur na rhombic, α-sulfur) da kuma sulfur na monoclinic (wanda kuma aka sani da β-sulfur).
- Orthorhombic sulfur wani nau'in sulfur ne mai karko, kuma idan aka dumama shi zuwa kusan digiri 100 na Celsius, ana iya sanyaya shi don samun sulfur monoclinic. Zafin canzawa tsakanin sulfur orthorhombic da sulfur monoclinic shine 95.6 °C. sulfur orhombic shine kawai nau'in sulfur mai karko a zafin ɗaki. Tsarinsa mai tsabta shine rawaya-kore (sulfur da ake sayarwa a kasuwa yana bayyana rawaya saboda kasancewar adadin cycloheptasulfur). Orthorhombic sulfur ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana da ƙarancin tasirin zafi, kuma mai hana iskar lantarki ne mai kyau.
- Monoclinic sulfur shine lu'ulu'u marasa adadi da suka rage bayan narke sulfur da kuma zubar da ruwan da ya wuce kima. Monoclinic sulfur orthorhombic sulfur nau'ikan sulfur ne na elemental a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Monoclinic sulfur yana da ƙarfi kawai sama da 95.6 ℃, kuma a yanayin zafi, a hankali yana canzawa zuwa orthorhombic sulfur. Wurin narkewar sulfur orthorhombic shine 112.8℃, wurin narkewar sulfur monoclinic shine 119℃. Dukansu suna narkewa sosai a cikin CS2.
- Akwai kuma sulfur mai laushi. Sulfur mai laushi rawaya ce mai duhu, mai laushi wadda ba ta narkewa a cikin carbon disulfide fiye da sauran sulfur na allotropes. Ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin barasa. Idan aka zuba sulfur mai narkewa cikin sauri cikin ruwan sanyi, sulfur mai tsayin sarka zai tsaya cak, mai laushi mai laushi. Duk da haka, zai taurare akan lokaci ya zama sulfur mai ƙarfi.
2.Sinadarorin sinadarai
- Sulfur na iya ƙonewa a cikin iska, yana amsawa da iskar oxygen don samar da sulfur dioxide (SO2)₂) gasa.
- Sulfur yana amsawa da dukkan halogens yayin dumamawa. Yana ƙonewa a cikin fluorine don samar da sulfur hexafluoride. Sulfur mai ruwa tare da chlorine don samar da disulfur dichloride mai tsananin fushi (S)2Cl2Ana iya samar da cakuda ma'auni wanda ke ɗauke da ja sulfur dichloride (SCl) lokacin da chlorine ya wuce gona da iri kuma yana da sinadarin kara kuzari, kamar FeCl3ko SNI4,ana amfani da shi.
- Sulfur zai iya amsawa da maganin zafi na potassium hydroxide (KOH) don samar da potassium sulfide da potassium thiosulfate.
- Sulfur ba ya amsawa da ruwa da kuma acid marasa oxidizing. Sulfur yana amsawa da nitric acid mai zafi da kuma sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi kuma ana iya haɗa shi da sulfuric acid da sulfur dioxide.
3. Filin aikace-aikace
- Amfani da masana'antu
Babban amfani da sulfur shine samar da mahaɗan sulfur kamar sulfuric acid, sulfites, thiosulfates, ocyanates, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, disulfur dichloride, trichlorosulfonated phosphorus, phosphorus sulf, da ƙarfe sulfides. Fiye da kashi 80% na yawan amfani da sulfur a duniya a kowace shekara ana amfani da shi wajen samar da sulfuric acid. Haka kuma ana amfani da sulfur sosai wajen samar da roba mai laushi. Lokacin da aka mayar da roba mai laushi zuwa roba mai laushi, yana samun sassauci mai yawa, ƙarfin juriya ga zafi, da rashin narkewa a cikin abubuwan narkewa na halitta. Yawancin samfuran roba ana yin su ne da roba mai laushi, wanda ake samarwa ta hanyar amsawa da roba mai laushi tare da masu haɓaka a wasu yanayin zafi da matsin lamba. Hakanan ana buƙatar sulfur wajen samar da foda mai duhu da ashana, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su don wasan wuta. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da sulfur wajen samar da dyes da pigments masu laushi. Misali, yin amfani da cakuda kaolin, carbon, sulfur, ƙasa mai siffar diatomaceous, ko foda quartz na iya samar da launin shuɗi mai suna ultramarine. Masana'antar bleach da masana'antar magunguna suma suna amfani da wani ɓangare na sulfur.
- Amfani da lafiya
Sulfur yana ɗaya daga cikin sinadaran da ke cikin magungunan cututtukan fata da yawa. Misali, ana dumama man tung da sulfur don ya yi sulfonate da sulfur acid sannan a tace shi da ruwan ammonia don samun man tung mai sulfonated. Man shafawa mai kashi 10% da aka yi da shi yana da tasirin hana kumburi da kuma rage kumburi kuma ana iya amfani da shi don magance kumburi da kumburi daban-daban na fata.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-09-2024