Cadmium aiwatar matakai da sigogi

I. Maganin Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Abinci da Tsabtace Farko

1. "Babban Tsarkake Tsarkakakken Cadmium Shiri"

• "Wanke Acid‌: Immerse masana'antu-grade cadmium ingots a cikin 5% -10% nitric acid bayani a 40-60 ° C na 1-2 hours don cire surface oxides da karfe ƙazanta. Kurkura da ruwa mai tsafta har sai tsaka-tsakin pH kuma ya bushe.
• "Hydrometallurgical Leaching‌: Kula da sharar da ke kunshe da cadmium (misali, jan karfe-cadmium slag) tare da sulfuric acid (15-20% maida hankali) a 80-90 ° C na awanni 4-6, samun nasarar ≥95% cadmium leaching inganci. Tace kuma ƙara zinc foda (1.2-1.5 sau stoichiometric rabo) don ƙaura don samun soso cadmium‌

1. "Narkewa da Yin Wasa"

• Load da soso cadmium a cikin tsattsauran tsattsauran ra'ayi na graphite, narke ƙarƙashin yanayin argon a 320-350 ° C, kuma a zuba a cikin gyare-gyaren graphite don jinkirin sanyaya. Form ingots tare da yawa ≥8.65 g/cm³

II. Gyaran Yanki

1. "Kayan aiki da Ma'auni"

• Yi amfani da tanderu mai narkar da shiyyar da ke kwance a kwance tare da narkakkar nisa na 5-8 mm, saurin ƙetare 3-5 mm/h, da wucewar tacewa 8-12. Yanayin zafin jiki: 50-80 ° C / cm; vacuum ≤10⁻³ Pa‌
• "Rarraba Rashin Tsabta‌: Maimaita yanki ya wuce tattara gubar, zinc, da sauran ƙazanta a wutsiyar ingot. Cire sashin 15-20% na ƙarshe na ƙazanta-arziƙi, cimma tsaftar tsaka-tsaki ≥99.999%

1. "Maɓalli Sarrafawa"

• Zafin yankin narkakkar: 400-450C (dan kadan sama da ma'aunin narkewar cadmium na 321°C);
• Kwancen sanyi: 0.5-1.5 ° C / min don rage lahani na lattice;
• Argon ya kwarara: 10-15 L / min don hana hadawan abu da iskar shaka

III. Electrolytic Refining

1. "Electrolyt Formulation"

• Electrolyte abun da ke ciki: Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄, 80-120 g / L) da kuma sulfuric acid (pH 2-3), tare da 0.01-0.05 g / L gelatin kara don inganta cathode ajiya yawa‌

1. "Ma'aunin Tsari"

• Anode: Crude cadmium farantin; Cathode: farantin Titanium;
• Girman halin yanzu: 80-120 A/m²; Wutar lantarki: 2.0-2.5 V;
• Zazzabi na Electrolysis: 30-40 ° C; Duration: 48-72 hours; Cathode tsarki ≥99.99%.

IV. Distillation Rage Vacuum

1. "Babban Rage Zazzabi da Rabuwa"

• Sanya cadmium ingots a cikin tanderu (matsi ≤10⁻² Pa), gabatar da hydrogen a matsayin mai raguwa, da zafi zuwa 800-1000 ° C don rage cadmium oxides zuwa gaseous cadmium. Yanayin zafin jiki: 200-250 ° C; Tsaftar ƙarshe ≥99.9995%

1. "Tasirin Cire Najasa"

• Ragowar gubar, jan ƙarfe, da sauran ƙazantattun ƙarfe ≤0.1 ppm;
• Oxygen abun ciki ≤5 ppm‌

V. Czochralski Ci gaban Crystal Single

1. "Narke Control da Tsari Crystal Shirye"

• Load babban-tsarki cadmium ingots cikin tsaftataccen ma'adini crucibles, narke ƙarƙashin argon a 340-360 ° C. Yi amfani da <100>-daidaitacce guda-crystal cadmium tsaba (diamita 5-8 mm), pre-annealed a 800 ° C don kawar da damuwa na ciki

1. "Crystal Pulling Parameters"

• Gudun ja: 1.0-1.5 mm / min (matakin farko), 0.3-0.5 mm / min (ci gaban-tsari);
• Juyawa mai lalacewa: 5-10 rpm (juyawa-juyawa);
• Yanayin zafin jiki: 2-5 ° C / mm; Sauyawar yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi-ruwa ≤±0.5°C‌

1. "Dabarun ƙwanƙwasa lahani"

• "Taimakon Filin Magnetic‌: Aiwatar da 0.2-0.5 T axial filin maganadisu don murkushe tashin hankali narke kuma rage ƙazanta striations;
• "Sarrafa sanyaya‌: Matsayin sanyaya bayan girma na 10-20°C/h yana rage lahani da ke haifar da damuwa ta thermal.

VI. Bayan-Processing da Kula da Inganci

1. "Crystal Machining"

• "Yanke‌: Yi amfani da saws na lu'u-lu'u don yanki cikin 0.5-1.0 mm wafers a 20-30 m/s waya gudun;
• "goge baki‌: Chemical inji polishing (CMP) tare da nitric acid-ethanol cakuda (1: 5 vol. rabo), cimma surface roughness Ra ≤0.5 nm.

1. "Matsayin inganci"

• "Tsafta‌: GDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) ya tabbatar da Fe, Cu, Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
• "Resistivity‌: ≤5×10⁻⁸ Ω·m (tsarki ≥99.9999%);
• "Crystallographic Orientation: Ragewa <0.5°; Girman ƙaura ≤10³/cm²

VII. Hannun Haɓaka Tsari

1. "Cire Najasa Da Aka Nufi"

• Yi amfani da resins na musanya ion don zaɓin zaɓi na Cu, Fe, da sauransu, haɗe tare da tace yanki da yawa don cimma tsaftar maki 6N (99.9999%)‌

1. "Haɓakawa ta atomatik"

• Algorithms na AI suna daidaita saurin ja, gradients zafin jiki, da sauransu, haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa daga 85% zuwa 93%;
• Haɓaka girman crucible zuwa inci 36, yana ba da damar abinci guda ɗaya na kilogiram 2800, yana rage yawan kuzari zuwa 80 kWh/kg

1. "Dorewa da Maido da Albarkatu"

• Sake haɓaka sharar wanke acid ta hanyar musayar ion (Cd dawo da ≥99.5%);
• Kula da iskar gas tare da kunna carbon adsorption + alkaline scrubbing (Cd vapor dawo ≥98%)‌

Takaitawa

Tsarin ci gaban kristal na cadmium da tsarin tsarkakewa yana haɗa hydrometallurgy, haɓakar zafin jiki mai zafi, da ingantattun fasahohin haɓaka kristal. Ta hanyar leaching acid, refining zone, electrolysis, injin distillation, da Czochralski girma-haɗe tare da aiki da kai da eco-friendly ayyuka-yana ba da damar barga samar 6N-sa matsananci-high-tsarki cadmium guda lu'ulu'u. Waɗannan suna biyan buƙatun na'urorin gano makaman nukiliya, kayan aikin hoto, da na'urori masu ci gaba na semiconductor. Ci gaban gaba zai mai da hankali kan girman girman kristal, rarrabuwar ƙazanta da aka yi niyya, da ƙananan samar da carbon.