Girma da Tsarkakewa na Tellurium 7N

Girma da Tsarkakewa na Tellurium 7N

I. Maganin Kayan Danye Kafin A Yi Maganinsu da Tsarkakewa Kafin A Yi Amfani da Su‌

1. "Zaɓin Kayan Danye da Murkushewa"

• "Bukatun Kayan Aiki‌: Yi amfani da tama mai suna tellurium ko anode slime (Abubuwan Te ≥5%), zai fi kyau a yi amfani da tama mai narkewar tagulla (wanda ke ɗauke da Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) a matsayin kayan da aka yi amfani da su.
• "Tsarin Kafin Jiyya:
• Murkushewa mai kauri har zuwa girman barbashi ≤5mm, sannan a niƙa ƙwallon zuwa raga ≤200;
• Rabuwar maganadisu (ƙarfin filin maganadisu ≥0.8T) don cire Fe, Ni, da sauran ƙazanta na maganadisu;
• Ruwan da ke fitowa daga ƙura (pH=8-9, masu tattara xanthate) don raba SiO₂, CuO, da sauran ƙazanta marasa maganadisu.
• "Matakan kariya‌: A guji sanya danshi a lokacin da ake jika shi kafin a gasa shi (yana buƙatar busarwa kafin a gasa shi); a kula da danshi na yanayi ≤30%.

1. "Gasawa da kuma Oxidation na Pyrometallurgical"

• "Sigogi na Tsarin Aiki:
• Zafin gasawar iskar oxygen: 350–600°C (tsarin sarrafawa: ƙarancin zafin jiki don cire sulfur, babban zafin jiki don iskar oxygen);
• Lokacin gasawa: awanni 6-8, tare da kwararar O₂ na 5-10 L/min;
• Reagent: Sinadarin sulfuric mai ƙarfi (98% H₂SO₄), rabon taro Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5.
• "Sinadaran Amsawa:
  Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4​→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2O
• "Matakan kariya‌: Kula da zafin jiki ≤600°C don hana rushewar TeO₂ (wurin tafasa 387°C); yi amfani da na'urorin gogewa na NaOH don magance iskar shaƙa.

II. Ƙarfin lantarki da kuma na'urar tace iska

1. "Ƙarfin lantarki"

• "Tsarin Electrolyte:
• Haɗin electrolyte: H₂SO₄ (80–120g/L), TeO₂ (40–60g/L), ƙari (gelatin 0.1–0.3g/L);
• Tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki: 30–40°C, yawan kwararar zagayawar jini 1.5–2 m³/h.
• "Sigogi na Tsarin Aiki:
• Yawan wutar lantarki: 100–150 A/m², ƙarfin tantanin halitta 0.2–0.4V;
• Tazarar lantarki: 80–120mm, kauri na ajiyar cathode 2–3mm/awa 8;
• Ingancin cire ƙazanta: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• "Matakan kariya‌: A riƙa tace sinadarin electrolyte akai-akai (daidai ≤1μm); a goge saman anode ta hanyar injiniya don hana passivation.

1. "Injin tacewa"

• "Sigogi na Tsarin Aiki:
• Matakan injin tsotsa: ≤1×10⁻²Pa, zafin tacewa 600–650°C;
• Zafin yankin mai sanyaya iska: 200–250°C, Ingancin danshi na tururin Te ≥95%;
• Lokacin tacewa: awanni 8-12, ƙarfin aiki ɗaya ≤50kg.
• "Rarraba Tsabta‌: Datti mai tafasasshe (Se, S) yana taruwa a gaban na'urar sanyaya daki; datti mai tafasasshe (Pb, Ag) yana nan a cikin ragowar.
• "Matakan kariya‌: Tsarin injin tsotsar ruwa kafin famfo zuwa ≤5×10⁻³Pa kafin dumama don hana iskar shaka.

III. Girman Crystal (Kafa Kwatanta)

1. "Tsarin Kayan Aiki"

• "Samfuran Tanderu Mai Girma na Crystal‌: TDR-70A/B (ikon 30kg) ko TRDL-800 (ikon 60kg);
• Kayan da za a iya amfani da shi wajen yin amfani da shi: Graphite mai tsafta (abun da ke cikin toka ≤5ppm), girma Φ300×400mm;
• Hanyar dumamawa: Dumama juriya ga graphite, matsakaicin zafin jiki 1200°C.

1. "Sigogi na Tsarin Aiki"

• "Sarrafa Narkewa:
• Zafin narkewa: 500–520°C, zurfin wurin narkewa 80–120mm;
• Iskar gas mai kariya: Ar (tsarki ≥99.999%), yawan kwarara 10–15 L/min.
• "Sigogi na Crystallization:
• Yawan jan abu: 1–3mm/h, saurin juyawar lu'ulu'u 8–12rpm;
• Canjin yanayin zafi: Axial 30–50°C/cm, radial ≤10°C/cm;
• Hanyar sanyaya: Tushen jan ƙarfe mai sanyaya ruwa (zafin ruwa 20-25°C), sanyaya iska ta sama.

1. "Kula da kazanta"

• "Tasirin Rabawa‌: Najasa kamar Fe, Ni (ma'aunin rabuwa <0.1) suna taruwa a iyakokin hatsi;
• "Sake Zagaye na Narkewa‌: Zagaye 3-5, jimlar ƙazanta ta ƙarshe ≤0.1ppm.

1. "Matakan kariya:

• A rufe saman narkewa da faranti na graphite don rage saurin Te (ƙimar asara ≤0.5%);
• Na'urar saka idanu ta lu'ulu'u a ainihin lokaci ta amfani da ma'aunin laser (daidai ± 0.1mm);
• A guji canjin yanayin zafi >±2°C don hana ƙaruwar yawan tarwatsewa (abin da aka nufa ≤10³/cm²).

IV. Duba Inganci da Ma'auni Masu Muhimmanci

V. Yarjejeniyar Muhalli da Tsaro

1. "Maganin Iskar Gas:

• Shakar da ake gasawa: A tace SO₂ da SeO₂ da mashin goge NaOH (pH≥10);
• Shakar iskar gas mai narkewar injin: Tace da kuma dawo da tururin Te; sauran iskar gas da aka sha ta hanyar amfani da carbon da aka kunna.

1. "Sake Amfani da Slag:

• Anode slime (wanda ke ɗauke da Ag, Au): Maidowa ta hanyar hydrometallurgy (tsarin H₂SO₄-HCl);
• Ragowar electrolysis (wanda ke ɗauke da Pb, Cu): Komawa ga tsarin narkar da jan ƙarfe.

1. "Matakan Tsaro:

• Dole ne ma'aikata su sanya abin rufe fuska na gas (Turi mai guba ne); su kula da iskar da ba ta da matsi (yawan musayar iskar da ke aiki ≥10 a kowace awa).

Jagororin Inganta Tsarin Aiki‌

1. "Daidaita Kayan Danye‌: Daidaita zafin gasawa da rabon acid bisa ga tushen sinadarin anode (misali, narkar da tagulla da gubar);
2. "Daidaitawar Ƙimar Jawo Crystal‌: Daidaita saurin jan ruwa bisa ga narkewar iska (lambar Reynolds Re≥2000) don danne sanyaya iska mai ƙarfi;
3. "Ingantaccen Makamashi‌: Yi amfani da dumama yankin zafin jiki biyu (babban yanki 500°C, ƙaramin yanki 400°C) don rage amfani da wutar lantarki mai jure wa graphite da kashi 30%.